Oil detergents are additive components that help keep engines clean by neutralizing acids and preventing deposit buildup. Detergents disperse and suspend contaminants so they can be drained off when the oil is changed. They are considered a basic or alkaline component in engine oil.
Detergents work by using surfactant molecules to absorb onto surfaces like cylinder walls and metal components. This creates a protective coating that prevents deposit formation. Detergents also neutralize combustion acids and absorb oxidation products, limiting corrosion.
Many detergents are overbased sulfonates – metal sulfonates with excess alkalinity that makes them effective acid neutralizers. Salts of alkaline earth metals like calcium and magnesium are popular. The excess base forms colloidal micelles that prevent agglomeration of particulates into larger deposits.
Detergents keep critical engine parts clean and neutralize acids from blow-by gases. This minimizes harmful buildup and corrosion, extending engine life. Modern detergents balance optimal cleaning power with minimization of metallic ash. Properly formulated detergents are a crucial balancing component of full-service engine oils.
At Valorem Chemicals, we provide high-quality detergent additives.
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